因为两个success的返回值都写了res吧，把其中一个换个名字试试嘞

upload(filePath) {
  wx.cloud.uploadFile({
    cloudPath: `photo/${Date.now()}.png`,
    filePath,
    success: resp => {
       let { imageList } = this.data
       wx.cloud.getTempFileURL({
          fileList: [resp.fileID],
          success: res => {
             console.log(1, res)
             this.setData({
                 showUploadImageIcon: true,
                 showUploadImage: false,
                 imageList: imageList.concat([res.fileList[0].tempFileURL)
             }, () => {
                console.log(2, this.data.imageList)
             })
          },
          fail: err => {
              wx.showToast({
                  title: '请稍后重试',
                  icon: 'error'
              })
          }
       })
    }
  })
}

图片push代码有问题，imageList哪里来的，你完全没有定义这个参数，怎么能用，你应该先写

let imageList = that.data.imgaeList; 才能使用imageList.push